Science study guide for Muscles, Bones and the Nervous System

Ms. Whalen's class will take the assessment on Thursday, September 13th.

Muscles, Bones and Nervous System

Study Guide

Students should be able to:

• Label 15-20 bones of the human body. (word bank will be provided)
• Identify the number of bones in an adult human body. (206).
• Name the three functions of the skeleton as form, protection and movement.
• Name the largest, longest bone in the body as the femur, or upper leg bone.
• Describe how bones are made up of four layers: “bone skin”, compact bone, spongy bone and bone marrow.
• Explain the reasons how we know that bone is a living thing. They heal themselves. They grow. They make blood.
• Name the four types of joints and be able to label them on the skeleton.
• Hinge joint- fingers, toes, knees and elbows
• Pivot joint- wrists, elbows and neck
• Ball and socket- shoulders and hips
• Gliding joint- spine
• Name the three types of muscles as voluntary, involuntary and cardiac. They will also need to give examples of how each is used. Voluntary muscles are muscles that we can control such as kicking a ball or writing a letter. Involuntary muscles are muscles that we do not control such as our brain functioning, our lungs breathing, our digestive system working. Our cardiac muscle is our heart.
• Define
• ligaments as tissue that connects bone to bone
• Tendons as tissue that connects muscle to bone
• Cartilage as the tissue that is known as soft bone like that in our nose and ears. Also, as the jelly like substance found in between bones which reduces friction.
• Joints are where two bones meet.

There are 3 parts of the Nervous system- the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves.

There are 3 parts of the Brain that they need to identify- the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem.

 Extra Credit: If you can name some of the things that each part of the brain does, you can earn some extra credit. Examples that you can use are below…

Cerebrum-

Actions that take place in the cerebrum:

• Voluntary muscles. (voluntary muscles are those that we can control- for skiing, walking, jumping, writing, etc)
• Thinking
• Learning
• Personality
• 5 senses
• Memory- long term and short term
• Left side of the cerebrum controls the right side of the body. Right side controls the left side of the body.
• There is a thick bundle of nerves that connects the hemispheres so that they can “talk” to each other.
• Left hemisphere of the cerebrum:      
• Math
• Science
• Logical reasoning
• Right hemisphere of the cerebrum:
• Art
• Music
• Creativity

Cerebellum-

• Balance and Coordination

Brain stem (also called the Medulla)-

• “central computer”
• “Post office”- sorts messages received from the body and sends them to the brain. Receives messages from the brain and sends them to the body.
• Involuntary muscles (involuntary muscles work on their own such as breathing, heart beating and digestion)
• Reflexes

Spinal cord-

• Carries messages from the body to the brain
• Carries messages from the brain to the body