Ms. Whalen's class will take the assessment on Thursday, September 13th.
Muscles, Bones and Nervous System
Study Guide
Students should be able to:
- Label
15-20 bones of the human body. (word bank will be provided)
- Identify
the number of bones in an adult human body. (206).
- Name
the three functions of the skeleton as form, protection and movement.
- Name
the largest, longest bone in the body as the femur, or upper leg bone.
- Describe
how bones are made up of four layers: “bone skin”, compact bone, spongy
bone and bone marrow.
- Explain
the reasons how we know that bone is a living thing. They heal themselves.
They grow. They make blood.
- Name
the four types of joints and be able to label them on the skeleton.
- Hinge
joint- fingers, toes, knees and elbows
- Pivot
joint- wrists, elbows and neck
- Ball
and socket- shoulders and hips
- Gliding
joint- spine
- Name
the three types of muscles as voluntary, involuntary and cardiac. They
will also need to give examples of how each is used. Voluntary muscles are
muscles that we can control such as kicking a ball or writing a letter.
Involuntary muscles are muscles that we do not control such as our brain
functioning, our lungs breathing, our digestive system working. Our
cardiac muscle is our heart.
- Define
- ligaments
as tissue that connects bone to bone
- Tendons
as tissue that connects muscle to bone
- Cartilage
as the tissue that is known as soft bone like that in our nose and ears.
Also, as the jelly like substance found in between bones which reduces
friction.
- Joints
are where two bones meet.
There are 3 parts of the Nervous system- the brain, the
spinal cord and the nerves.
There are 3 parts of the Brain that they need to identify- the
cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem.
Extra Credit: If you can name some of the things that each part
of the brain does, you can earn some extra credit. Examples that you can use
are below…
Cerebrum-
Actions that take place in the cerebrum:
- Voluntary
muscles. (voluntary muscles are those that we can control- for skiing,
walking, jumping, writing, etc)
- Thinking
- Learning
- Personality
- 5
senses
- Memory-
long term and short term
- Left
side of the cerebrum controls the right side of the body. Right side
controls the left side of the body.
- There
is a thick bundle of nerves that connects the hemispheres so that they can
“talk” to each other.
- Left
hemisphere of the cerebrum:
- Math
- Science
- Logical
reasoning
- Right
hemisphere of the cerebrum:
Cerebellum-
Brain stem (also called the Medulla)-
- “central
computer”
- “Post
office”- sorts messages received from the body and sends them to the
brain. Receives messages from the brain and sends them to the body.
- Involuntary
muscles (involuntary muscles work on their own such as breathing, heart
beating and digestion)
- Reflexes
Spinal cord-
- Carries
messages from the body to the brain
- Carries
messages from the brain to the body